Recent developments and characterization techniques in <scp>3D</scp> printing of corneal stroma tissue

Corneal stroma has a significant function in normal visual function. The corneal is vulnerable because of being the thickest part cornea, as it can be affected easily by infections or injuries. Any problems on result blindness. Donor shortage for transplantation one main issues transplantation. To address this issue, tissue engineering focuses replacing injured tissues and repairing functions. Currently, there are no available, engineered widely accepted routine clinical treatment, but new emerging 3D printing applications recognized promising option. Recent vitro researches revealed that biocompatibility regeneration possessions 3D-printed hydrogels outperformed conventional approaches. goal review to highlight current developments characterization cell-free bioprinted hydrogels.